When setting up a recording studio, whether it’s a home setup or professional, knowing the difference between shielded vs. non-shielded audio cables can make all the difference in sound quality. Each type has its purpose, benefits, and downsides, and understanding these details helps you choose the best cables for the job. In this article, we’ll dive into the key differences, then go over a few common cable types that you’re likely to find in any studio. Please note this is not an exhaustive list of every kind of cable out there but will help you to know the main variations you’re sure to see in any studio.
Shielded vs. Non-Shielded Audio Cables: What’s the Difference?
First, let’s break down the basics. Audio cables come in both shielded and non-shielded varieties, and each serves a unique function.
- Shielded Cables: Shielded cables have a protective layer—typically made of copper or aluminum foil—that wraps around the conductor. This layer acts as a barrier against electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI), keeping unwanted noise and signals from sneaking into your audio. In recording environments, where there’s a lot of electronic equipment, shielded cables are a must to ensure clean, interference-free audio.
- Non-Shielded Cables: On the other hand, non-shielded cables lack this protective layer. They’re usually less expensive but also more susceptible to picking up interference. Non-shielded cables are commonly used for simpler, low-frequency applications or in environments where interference isn’t much of a concern.
Which Should You Use?
So, when do you need shielded vs. non-shielded audio cables? For any situation where audio quality matters—especially in a studio setup—shielded cables are the way to go. They prevent unwanted noise, ensuring your recordings or live sound remain crisp and clean. Non-shielded cables may work for basic setups but generally aren’t recommended for environments with multiple electronic devices or high-frequency needs.
Common Types of Audio Cables in the Studio
Alongside understanding the shielded vs. non-shielded cable debate, it’s also essential to know the types of cables that come into play in a studio. Each cable type serves a specific function, and choosing the right one can enhance your workflow and maintain sound integrity.
1. XLR Cables
XLR cables are a staple in studio and live sound setups. Known for their durability and locking connectors, XLRs are commonly used for microphones, studio monitors, and even some instruments. They are balanced and shielded, making them highly resistant to interference. When you’re dealing with a microphone or other sensitive equipment, an XLR is usually the go-to choice for maintaining high-quality sound.
2. TRS and TS Cables
TRS (Tip-Ring-Sleeve) Cables: These cables have three contact points, allowing them to carry a balanced signal similar to XLR cables. TRS cables are commonly used for balanced audio connections, such as connecting headphones, audio interfaces, and balanced line inputs. They also help eliminate noise by canceling out any potential interference. These kinds of cables can carry stereo signals and the most common place you will find a TRS connection is on your headphones.
TS (Tip-Sleeve) Cables: Also called instrument cables. Unlike TRS, TS cables are unbalanced. They’re generally used for electric guitars and other instruments where signal quality is less prone to interference, especially when using shorter cable lengths. TS cables are less expensive but can pick up interference, especially over long distances, due to their lack of a third contact point for balancing the signal. This cable carries a mono signal.
3. RCA Cables
RCA cables are the traditional connectors for consumer audio equipment, like home stereos and DJ setups. Or for those of you old enough to remember, this was the red and white cables that connected to your tv for game consoles! These cables are unbalanced, meaning they don’t offer the same protection from interference as balanced cables like XLR or TRS. Still, they’re widely used in situations where balanced connections aren’t necessary. I almost never use my RCA’s anymore and I’m pretty sure they’re locked in my DJ coffin case. So here is a picture of Amazon basics RCA’s 😅
4. MIDI Cables
MIDI cables are essential for connecting MIDI-compatible equipment like synthesizers, keyboards, and drum machines. Unlike audio cables, MIDI cables don’t transmit sound directly. Instead, they send digital information, such as note and velocity data, which is interpreted by other MIDI-enabled devices. MIDI cables are typically unshielded, but because they carry digital data rather than an audio signal, interference isn’t as much of a concern. If you need more information on how MIDI works, take a look at this article!
Tips for Choosing the Right Cable
Selecting the right cable often depends on three things: the type of equipment you’re using, the length of the cable, and the environment. Here are a few tips to make choosing the best cable easier:
- Match Cable Type to Equipment: Always match the cable type to the equipment—use XLR cables for mics, TRS for balanced connections, TS for instruments, and RCA for stereo consumer equipment. Sometimes you may need to use an adapter but its always best to have a dedicated cable if possible.
- Consider Length: Longer cables are more prone to interference, so if you need a long run, stick with shielded cables and balanced connectors whenever possible.
- Environment Matters: If your studio has a lot of electronics or is located near high-interference areas (like a broadcast tower), always opt for shielded cables to avoid interference.
Troubleshooting Common Cable Issues
Even with the right cables, occasional issues can still pop up. Here’s how to troubleshoot a few of the most common problems:
- Interference and Noise: If you hear buzzing or humming, check if your cables are shielded. Shielded cables reduce this issue significantly.
- Loose Connections: Over time, connectors can wear out or get damaged. Always check if connectors are secure, and replace any cables that show signs of damage. Or learn to solder. This is a cheap way to extend the life of pretty much anything electronic!
- Cable Breakage: Frequently moving cables or bending them can cause breakage. Always store cables properly and avoid tightly coiling them to extend their life.
Wrapping Up: Finding the Best Cable for Your Studio
When setting up a studio, understanding the pros and cons of shielded vs. non-shielded audio cables and choosing the right types for each connection is essential. Shielded cables provide a cleaner, interference-free sound, which is especially important in professional audio settings. For personal or smaller setups, non-shielded cables may work well if interference is low. Pair your knowledge of shielded vs. non-shielded cables with a solid understanding of each cable type—from XLR to speaker cables—and you’re well on your way to optimizing your studio sound.